Off and on for about the last six months, I have been working on my rankings of the greatest major league baseball players of all time. I have just recently finished my rankings, which I will share below, but first wanted to explain the ranking system and the ground rules for my rankings:
- I have only ranked players who spent the majority of their careers in major league baseball; therefore, Negro League stars like Josh Gibson, Oscar Charleton, and Satchel Paige are not rated, or Japanese players such as Sadaharah Oh, because I don't really have a good feel for how to rank them.
- I have ranked players according to their overall careers, but as a general rule, I give preference to players who were great for 5-6 seasons as opposed to some who were really good, but never really great, for 10-12 seasons. For example, Ralph Kiner and Dale Murphy rate above Andre Dawson and Dwight Evans because Kiner and Murphy were much-better in their prime, though Dawson and Evans had more above-average to good seasons.
- My system is based on Bill James' Win Shares system, which rates players in the context of their era, their ballpark environment, and their defense. (James claims that Win Shares is the best evaluation of defense created to date, and I agree with him.) The primary determinants of offensive value are total bases and outs made. I did not give "credit" to players for time missed for injury, but did adjust for players who missed time for war at the peak of their careers (Ted Wiliams) and those whose arrival to MLB was late because of racial prejudice (Jackie Robinson), or to other circumstances beyond their control. For these reasons, my rankings are very similar to James' in his 2001 Historical Baseball Abstract, which, FWIW, is a must-have for any serious baseball fan.
- James' win share numbers have only been published through 2001, after which point I used Win Share numbers calculated by BaseballTruth.com and HardballTimes.com. They basically used the same calculations as James, though HardballTimes tweaked James' methods slightly to slightly discredit relievers and players who truly had poor seasons more than James did.
- Little credit is given to players who piled on stats late in their careers. For example, Daawson added 39 homers and 163 RBI over the last four seasons of his career, pushing him past 400 homers and 1,500 RBI, but because his on-base percentages were .313, .271, .305, and .301 during that time, he wasn't doing a lot to help his teams win.
- Most of the ranking is based on players' regular-season contributions, with adjustments made for for post-season performance (Yogi Berra and Derek Jeter, among others, get a boost here), perceived defensive value above what Win Shares credits (it's hard to measure Ozzie Smith's contributions, or what it means to have Vlad Guerrero's arm in right field, or Pudge Rodriguez's behind the plate), and other intangibles such has clubhouse chemistry. Personally, I believe that the latter has been highly-overrated, but nonetheless, there are players like Jeff Kent and Dick Allen who are royal pains, and it only seems that should count against them to some degree.
- When ranking two players with similar careers, I rank the player whose career came latest higher as I believe the quality of baseball has been on an upward swing since the game's inception.
- Rankings are done from 1876 (the start of what James recognizes as "major league baseball") through the completion of the 2005 season.
Without further adieu, here are my top 230 players of all time, sorted in tens, with comments after every grouping. Players are listed at the position where they played the most. Here's my top 200:
1. Ruth, Babe (RF)
2. Bonds, Barry (LF)
3. Williams, Ted (LF)
4. Wagner, Honus (SS)
5. Cobb, Ty (CF)
6. Mays, Willie (CF)
7. Mantle, Mickey (CF)
8. Johnson, Walter (P)
9. Musial, Stan (LF)
10. Aaron, Hank (RF)
Ruth is unquestionably the greatest player of all-time, and steroids aside, Bonds is without a doubt now #2. I had a very, very hard time ranking Cobb, Mays, and Mantle, and the case could be made for any one of them as the greatest center fielder of all time. Mantle was the best at his peak and Cobb had the best number of really good seasons, although certainly the brand of baseball in the 50's and 60's was better than when Cobb played.
11. Speaker, Tris (CF)
12. Gehrig, Lou (1B)
13. Young, Cy (P)
14. Alexander, Pete (P)
15. Morgan, Joe (2B)
16. Hornsby, Rogers (2B)
17. DiMaggio, Joe (CF)
18. Schmidt, Mike (3B)
19. Collins, Eddie (2B)
20. Grove, Lefty (P)
This segment is dominated by players whose careers ended 65 or more years ago; this bothers me because it was easier to dominate baseball then and it seems unfair to more modern players. Then again, all these players were dominant and probably would have been good in any era. Morgan and Schmidt were always recognized as great players, but neither were probably given the complete credit they were due during their times.
21. Robinson, Frank (RF)
22. Henderson, Rickey(LF)
23. Ott, Mel (RF)
24. Foxx, Jimmie (1B)
25. Mathewson, Christy (P)
26. Rose, Pete (LF)
27. Mathews, Eddie (3B)
28. Berra, Yogi (C)
29. Bench, Johnny (C)
30. Clemens, Roger (P)
I had a difficult time deciding between Berra and Bench as on paper, both were nearly identical. Bench was a whiz defensively and caught slightly more games, but Berra played in 14 World Series (and played well), which accounts for the edge, but I'm not convinced I made the right choice. I feel that I may have slighted Clemens, who ranks sixth among all pitchers -- all of whom retired long before Rocket was even born. All those pitchers threw substantially more innings during most seasons than did Clemens, which made them more valuable during their time. If I had a vote, I would not put Rose in the Hall because of the gambling, but he was a truly great player. I have no qualms with putting Rickey as high as I did.
31. Spahn, Warren (P)
32. Rodriguez, Alex (SS)
33. Lajoie, Nap (2B)
34. Feller, Bob (P)
35. Seaver, Tom (P)
36. Bagwell, Jeff (1B)
37. Jackson, Reggie (RF)
38. Robinson, Jackie (2B)
39. Brett, George (3B)
40. Yastrzemsi, Carl (LF)
A-Rod will probably move into the top dozen players all-time before he's finished. Feller was spectacular, and missed his peak years because of WWII. Many people will take issue with my ranking of Bagwell, but I have little doubt that I've ranked him where he deserves. He played in an awful hitters park for most of his peak and still had fantastic numbers. Robinson didn't play until he was 28 and therefore missed out on some prime seasons.
41. Piazza, Mike (C)
42. Griffey, Ken (CF)
43. Jackson, Joe (CF)
44. Biggio, Craig (2B)
45. Sheffield, Gary (RF)
46. Vaughan, Arky (SS)
47. Ripken, Cal (SS)
48. Snider, Duke (CF)
49. Mize, Johnny (1B)
50. Yount, Robin (SS)
I might have ranked Piazza a spot or two too high because I allow some for the toll that catching that many games takes on one's body. Biggio, like Bagwell, was highly underrated his entire career. He was good enough to catch, play second, and play center field.
51. Maddux, Greg (P)
52. Gibson, Bob (P)
53. Nichols, Kid (P)
54. Murray, Eddie (1B)
55. Sandberg, Ryne (2B)
56. Thomas, Frank (1B)
57. Alomar, Robbie (2B)
58. Boggs, Wade (3B)
59. Greenberg, Hank (1B)
Murray was never as great at his peak as Schmidt, Brett, or some other contemporary players listed above him, but was good for an unusually-long period of time. Thomas's career is somewhat tained because his latter years weren't nearly as great as everyone thought they'd be, but he's undoubtedly deserving of the Hall. I don't know quite what to do with Kid Nichols, who was dominant but played from 1890 to 1906, when the quality of baseball wasn't always stellar, so I rated him about where James did.
60. Carlton, Steve (P)
61. McGwire, Mark (1B)
62. Raines, Tim (LF)
63. Killebrew, Harmon (1B)
64. McCovey, Willie (1B)
65. Waner, Paul (RF)
66. Gehringer, Charlie (2B)
67. Gwynn, Tony (RF)
68. Larkin, Barry (SS)
69. Baker, Frank (3B)
Maybe in time, we'll know how to rank the "Steroid Era" power hitters; for the time being, this is where I have McGwire. Raines was a truly-great player and I hope voters realize it when he's up for election in 2008. Larkin did everything you wanted your shortstop to do, never complained, never got in trouble, had a lifetime OBP of .371, and the only mark against him is that he missed a lot of time due to injury.
7o. Crawford, Sam (RF)
71. Palmer, Jim (P)
72. Hubbell, Carl (P)
73. Allen, Dick (1B)
74. Simmons, Al (LF)
75. Clemente, Roberto (RF)
76. Perry, Gaylord (P)
77. Roberts, Robin (P)
78. Ramirez, Manny (LF)
79. Campanella, Roy (C)
Dick Allen is one of the biggest jerks to ever put on a uniform, but there was no denying his greatness. I don't know how much that could cancel out his on-field contributions, but it would have to be a staggering amount to not rate him among the top 100. I have him as the highest-rated eligible player not in the Hall, excluding those who are still active or not-yet eligible, and, of course, Pete Rose and Joe Jackson. I was a bit surprised to see Manny this high at his age, but I think a decent argument can be made in his favor.
80. Cochrane, Mickey (C)
81. Fisk, Carlton (C)
82. Carew, Rod (2B)
83. Kaline, Al (RF)
84. Stargell, Willie (LF)
85. Carter, Gary (C)
86. Williams, Billy (LF)
87. Frisch, Frankie (2B)
88. Winfield, Dave (RF)
89. Doby, Larry (CF)
I struggle with rating catchers; the toll on their body is so high that it prevents them from being as great as, say, corner outfielders or infielders, but I struggle with rating them higher than players who were more valuable at their peak or good players for longer times. This is where I've decided they belong, and so I've grouped four of them between 79 and 85. I don't know what took the Hall voters so long to figure out that Carter was deserving of election.
90. Niekro, Phil (P)
91. Molitor, Paul (3B)
92. Sosa, Sammy (RF)
93. Johnson, Randy (P)
94. Walsh, Ed (P)
95. Minoso, Minnie (LF)
96. Wynn, Jimmy (CF)
97. Delahanty, Ed (LF)
98. Dickey, Bill (C)
99. Slaughter, Enos (RF)
Minoso and Wynn are in the Dick Allen category as the next-best once-eligible players not in the Hall. Both should be there. Had Minoso played in MLB before 28, he's surely be in. Wynn did everything you'd want a player to do -- he hit for power, ran well, walked a ton, and had a legendary arm -- but played for bad teams in an awful hitters' park. The fact that Wynn never received one single vote for the Hall is quite an indictment of the history of the selection process. Slaughter missed what might have been his best three years to the War.
100. Banks, Ernie (SS)
101. Santo, Ron (3B)
102. Cronin, Joe (SS)
103. Brown, Mordecai (P)
104. McGinnity, Joe (P)
105. Jenkins, Ferguson (P)
106. Reese, Pee Wee (SS)
107. Appling, Luke (SS)
108. Medwick, Joe (LF)
109. Marichal, Juan (P)
Banks was a great player, but never had as many really great seasons as I thought he did because of a very-unspectacular career on-base percentage of .330. Santo certainly belongs in the Hall, and I hope the Veteran's Committee puts him there one day.
110. Koufax, Sandy (P)
111. Clark, Will (1B)
112. Keefe, Tim (P)
113. Hamilton, Billy (CF)
114. Bunning, Jim (P)
115. Rusie, Amos (P)
116. Burkett, Jesse (LF)
117. Willis, Vic (P)
118. Grich, Bobby (2B)
119. Murphy, Dale (CF)
I had a harder time rating this group of ten players than I did any other grouping. Koufax is lower on this list than most any other... he had three truly historic years, another very good one, and one more pretty good year, and retired at 30 after his best season. He certainly would have ranked much-higher had arm problems not forced his retirement, but for the sake of maintaining consistency, I rated him here as to allow for his greatness but not give him credit for something he didn't do.
Also notable are three modern-era players who I believe have been underrated in retrospect (and one more if you skip ahead to #120). Admittedly, Dale Murphy is my all-time favorite player and for years, I wanted him to be in the Hall but wasn't sure he belonged. My research has convinced me that he does. Clark was way, way underrated and doesn't stand a prayer of getting in the Hall in his first term of eligibility this winter, as injuries got in the way and few realize how truly great he was.
This section also finds four players who played the bulk of their careers before 1900, and one more (Willis) who played from 1898 to 1910. All were great in their time and I placed them here, but have a lower degree of confidence with their ratings than I do with most all other players on the list.
120. Simmons, Ted (C)
121. Goslin, Goose (LF)
122. Smith, Ozzie (SS)
123. Williams, Bernie (CF)
124. Edmonds, Jim (CF)
125. Jones, Chipper (3B)
126. Puckett, Kirby (CF)
127. Robinson, Brooks (3B)
128. Brock, Lou (LF)
129. Jeter, Derek (SS)
I put Ozzie higher than the numbers rated him just because he was SO great in the field that it was hard to quantify all his contributions. Edmonds, Chipper, and Jeter will probably pass Bernie before their careers are finished, and all should go to Cooperstown.
130. Kent, Jeff (2B)
131. Martinez, Pedro (P)
132. Palmeiro, Rafael (1B)
133. Herman, Billy (2B)
134. Ashburn, Richie (CF)
135. Newhouser, Hal (P)
136. Ferrell, Wes (P)
137. Grimes, Burleigh (P)
138. Hartnett, Gabby (C)
139. Mays, Carl (P)
I have trouble knowing where to put Palmeiro, and probably would have ranked him higher before the steroid scandal. Ferrell and Mays are the only two here who have been eligible and are not in the Hall. Mays is, of course, the man who hit and killed Ray Chapman with a pitch, and that may have hurt his chances. He's my highest-rated pitcher who's been eligible and is not in.
141. Singleton, Ken (RF)
142. Bonds, Bobby (RF)
143. Blyleven, Bert (P)
144. Coveleski, Stan (P)
145. Thome, Jim (1B)
146. Hack, Stan (3B)
147. Dean, Dizzy (P)
148. Berger, Wally (CF)
149. Waddell, Rube (P)
150. Parker, Dave (RF)
Coveleski, Dean, and Waddell are the only three among these ten in the Hall. Blyleven's case gets a lot of attention from the Sabermaticians and he may one day get in given his strikeout totals. Singleton will probably never get into the Hall because he took a lot of walks in an era when few knew their value, and his homer and RBI totals weren't gaudy to begin with, and now that we're in a big power period, the context of what he did has been lost. He has a .388 lifetime on-base percentage and had a terrific arm until physical problems hampered him late in his career. Bonds had better power numbers than Singleton, but suffers from the same problem. Hack's numbers were outstanding in the context of his park and his day.
150. Cooper, Wilbur (P)
151. Heilman, Harry (RF)
152. Giambi, Jason (1B)
153. Drysdale, Don (P)
154. Kiner, Ralph (LF)
155. Hernandez, Keith (1B)
156. Cepeda, Orlando (1B)
157. Ryan, Nolan (P)
158. Rixey, Eppa (P)
159. Evans, Darrell (3B)
I feel really strange about not rating Ryan higher, and I'm sure someone will blister me for not moving him up. But you have to take the good with the bad in a player, and Ryan walked over 200 men twice, and over 100 a bunch more. That diluted the impact of a lot of the huge strikeout seasons, and he also played in the Astrodome for a long time, which means some of the numbers aren't as good as they look, and his wins are spread out across so many seasons which means he didn't have as big an impact on his team's success as 324 wins would indicate. Still, he had a 3.19 career ERA...
160. Wheat, Zach (LF)
161. Howard, Frank (LF)
162. Plank, Eddie (P)
163. Averill, Earl (CF)
164. Lemon, Bob (P)
165. Perez, Tony (1B)
166. Ford, Whitey (P)
167. Trammell, Alan (SS)
168. Rolen, Scott (3B)
169. Vance, Dazzy (P)
Only Howard, Rolen, and Trammell are not in the Hall. Rolen is on track to have a Hall-worthy career if he can recover from the 2005 shoulder injury, which was relatively serioius.
170. Mattingly, Don (1B)
171. Glavine, Tom (P)
172. Wynn, Early (P)
173. Faber, Red (P)
174. Clarkson, John (P)
175. Radbourne, Charles (P)
176. Brown, Kevin (P)
177. Lyons, Ted (P)
178. Martinez, Edgar (3B)
179. Pinson, Vada (CF)
Radbourne and Clarkson put up mind-blowing numbers in the 1800's. The Martinez Hall vote will be interesting; he DH'd most of his career and despite tearing up the minors, the Mariners didn't give him a chance until 27. The man could hit, for sure.
180. Roush, Edd (CF)
181. Clarke, Fred (LF)
182. Davis, George (SS)
183. Ruffing, Red (P)
184. Clark, Jack (RF)
185. Bando, Sal (3B)
186. Freehan, Bill (C)
187. Belle, Albert (LF)
188. Keller, Charlie (LF)
189. Rice, Jim (LF)
The Rice-for-the-Hall campaign is picking up a ton of steam, but he hit into a whopping 315 double plays for a career... that killed a lot of innings. Biggio's hit into just 130 through 2005, by contrast.
190. Murcer, Bobby (CF)
191. Cedeno, Cesar (CF)
192. Terry, Bill (1B)
193. Torre, Joe (C)
194. Walker, Larry (RF)
195. Oliva, Tony (RF)
196. Guerrero, Vlad (RF)
197. Flick, Elmer (RF)
198. Smith, Reggie (RF)
199. Rodriguez, Pudge (C)
200. Cash, Norm (1B)
Vlad will undoubtedly wind up much-higher once he's done. Pudge's career took a sharp detour south at 34, which may not bode well for the future.